CBD nanoemulsions

Emulsions are mixtures of two or more liquids which are normally immiscible (for example, oil and water) and which require an emulsifier in order to mix. Without an emulsifier, the emulsion would again separate into its substances, i.e., oil particles would soon group themselves together.

Emulsifiers help disperse one substance in another in the form of tiny droplets and make it stable. They reduce the surface tension between oil and water, thus keeping the emulsion in a dispersed, i.e., stable state.

Examples of emulsions include margarin, milk, mayonnaise etc.

An emulsion with droplet sizes between 20 and 200 nanometres is called a nano-emulsion. A nanometre (1 nm) is a unit of length equal to one billionth of a metre (10-9 m). It is approximately the length of a chain composed of five to ten individual atoms. As an illustration, the thickness of a sheet of paper is 100.000 nanometres.

Nanoemulsions (in our case, those made from a full-spectrum CBD oil concentrate) are made by using a mechanical process to create nanometric particles (ultrasonic waves break the CBD particles down to the nanoscopic size).

As the size of a matter decreases, numerous physical phenomena occur, many of which take place only with particles smaller than 100 nm, which produces new optical, magnetic, mechanical, chemical and biological properties. This is a challenging area which allows the development of innovative products with new features and special properties. In our case, it is the biological properties.

The size of CBD particles in our nanoemulsions ranges between 25 and 50 nm.

What are the biological properties of CBD nanoemulsions and how do they behave in interaction with the human body?

In short, CBD nanoemulsions are characterized by a considerably higher solubility and bioavailability in comparison with CBD oils.

Solubility means that the particles enter the bloodstream much more easily and more quickly, thus reaching the cells in our body by easily passing through the cellular membrane due to their extremely small size, which results in significantly higher bioavailability.

In pharmacology, bioavailability is a sub-category of absorption (absorption of particles in the body) and is defined as the fraction (%) of an administered substance (in this case, of CBD and other active substances of cannabis) that reaches the systemic circulation. By definition, when a medicine is administered intravenously, its bioavailability is 100%. However, when a medicine is administered by other means, its bioavailability is usually lower than an intravenously administered medicine due to the absorption of the endothelium in the bowels and the first-pass metabolism. With CBD oils, the CBD active ingredient enters the bloodstream after one part of it is absorbed in the small intestine (a certain amount is lost due to endothelial barrier), then passes through liver, where a significant percentage of it is deactivated (broken down) under the influence of liver enzymes, making it no longer usable. Some research studies have shown that the number of liver enzymes increases while consuming CBD, while others indicate that small doses of CBD have a positive effect on inflammatory processes in the liver. This fact also supports the use of CBD nanoemulsions over CBD oils, as to achieve the same therapeutic effects it requires a considerably smaller quantity of CBD in the form of nanoemulsions.

Other advantages of nanoemulsions over oils include a quicker absorption into the body (resulting in effects after only ten minutes or so) and practicality – they are soluble in all beverages, though it is recommended not to mix them with hot beverages.

Advantages of CBD nanoemulsions over CBD oils:

• Significantly higher usability, and hence cost-effectiveness
• Faster-acting
• Practicality of use